==========C++ I/O==========

The <iostream> library automatically defines a few standard objects:

  * cout, an object of the ostream class, which displays data to the standard output device.
  * cerr, another object of the ostream class that writes unbuffered output to the standard error device.
  * clog, like cerr, but uses buffered output.
  * cin, an object of the istream class that reads data from the standard input device.

The <fstream> library allows programmers to do file input and output
with the ifstream and ofstream classes.  C++ programmers can also do
input and output from strings by using the [[io/sstream/|stringstream]] class.

Some of the behavior of the C++ I/O streams (precision, justification,
etc) may be modified by manipulating various [[io/io_flags|I/O stream
format flags]].


|[[constructors|I/O Constructors]]|constructors|
|[[bad]]|true if an error occurred|
|[[clear]]|clear and set status flags|
|[[close]]|close a stream|
|[[eof]]|true if at the end-of-file|
|[[exceptions]]|set the stream to throw exceptions on errors|
|[[fail]]|true if an error occurred|
|[[fill]]|manipulate the default fill character|
|[[flags]]|access or manipulate io_stream_format_flags|
|[[flush]]|empty the buffer|
|[[gcount]]|number of characters read during last input|
|[[get]]|read characters|
|[[getline]]|read a line of characters|
|[[good]]|true if no errors have occurred|
|[[ignore]]|read and discard characters|
|[[open]]|open a new stream|
|[[peek]]|check the next input character|
|[[precision]]|manipulate the precision of a stream|
|[[put]]|write characters|
|[[putback]]|return characters to a stream|
|[[rdstate]]|returns the state flags of the stream|
|[[read]]|read data into a buffer|
|[[seekg]]|perform random access on an input stream|
|[[seekp]]|perform random access on output streams|
|[[setf]]|set format flags|
|[[sync_with_stdio]]|synchronize with standard I/O|
|[[tellg]]|read input stream pointers|
|[[tellp]]|read output stream pointers|
|[[unsetf]]|clear io_stream_format_flags|
|[[width]]|access and manipulate the minimum field width|
|[[write]]|write characters|