=====copy_backward===== Syntax: #include bidirectional_iterator2 copy_backward( bidirectional_iterator start, bidirectional_iterator end, bidirectional_iterator2 dest ); copy_backward is similar to [[copy]], in that both functions copy elements from ''start'' to ''end'' to ''dest''. The copy_backward function, however, starts depositing elements at ''dest'' and then works backwards, such that: *(dest-1) == *(end-1) *(dest-2) == *(end-2) *(dest-3) == *(end-3) ... *(dest-N) == *(end-N) The following code uses copy_backward to copy 10 integers into the end of an empty vector: vector from_vector; for( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) { from_vector.push_back( i ); } vector to_vector(15); copy_backward( from_vector.begin(), from_vector.end(), to_vector.end() ); cout << "to_vector contains: "; for( unsigned int i = 0; i < to_vector.size(); i++ ) { cout << to_vector[i] << " "; } cout << endl; The above code produces the following output: to_vector contains: 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Related Topics: [[copy]], [[copy_n]], [[swap]]